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In the early 1700s, the European and Ojibwe slowly began establishing their place in Menomonie, Wisconsin. They were drawn to Menomonie due to the abundance of agriculture and natural resources. The Dakota were the current inhabitant, living in permanent villages along lakes and rivers. Between the 16th century to early 17th century the Ojibwe migrate onto the Dakota’s territory causing many conflict and war. Europeans also began establishing forts by the 17th century in Menomonie in order expand their fur trade industry, placing themselves right in the center of two feuding tribes.

Native American
Before the European journeyed up the Chippewa River in the 1700s, Menomonie, Wisconsin has provided many Native American with an environment to hunt and gather. Menomonie has been occupied on and off for the past 10,000 to 11,000 years, since the Early Paleo-Indian Period. Early Native American has also shaped Menomonie by using fire to maintain prairies and savannahs, and by dispersing seeds, such as wild rice wherever they pass.

The Dakota Tribe
In the 1700, the Dakotas were well established inhabitants of Menomonie, living in permanent villages along lakes and rivers. The Dakotas may have descended from either the Clam River or Sand Lake people of the Late Woodland Tradition. They act as a barrier blocking any migrating tribes from the east of Wisconsin, resulting in many wars as refuging tribe would try to remove them by force.

The Ojibwe Tribe
According to the Ojibwe, they’ve migrated to Menomonie from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lack of game, disease epidemic and pressure from the Iroquois tribe could all be factor of this migration. From 1679-1736 a temporarily truce and alliance was made between the Obijwe and Dakotas; during this time the Dakotas had allowed the Ojibwes to use their hunting grounds in the Chippewa and St. Croix valleys. The Ojibwe were able to gain access to better hunting grounds and, through Ojibwe's middlemen the Dakotas were able to gain access to European trade goods.

The Ojibwe-Dakota War
In 1736, Ojibwe's partnership with the French and Cree conflicted with the Dakotas, severing the truce. The Ojibwe then began establishing village in Dakotas territories west of Thunder Bay. Armed with European weapons, the Ojibwe defeat the Dakotas at St. Croix Fall in 1770. Wars such Battle of the Brule, are one example of the continue military expedition/raid in which persist well into the 19th century. The 1825 Treaty of Prairie du Chien cease the war by splitting Dunn County at Lamb's Creek Falls on the Red Cedar River north of Menomonie, with the Ojibwe claiming lands to the north and the Dakota the lands to the south.

European Settlers
September of 1700, Pierre Le Sueur, a french fur trader whom together with a group of other men traveled up the Mississippi River from the Wisconsin River and probably indicate the first reference of Red Cedar as he passes through the Chippewa River. In 1788, Jean Baptiste Perrault establishes a trading post on the Red Cedar River, knowing quite well that the Ojibwe and Dakotas have been feuding in this area.

Loggers
In 1822 James Lockwood and General Street was able obtained the permit from Chief Wabashaw from the Dakota tribe, and from Ojibwe's chief "to cut pine lumber, to occupy a certain tract of land, and to build a sawmill thereon, in consideration of certain articles of merchandise, blankets, beads, whiskey, etc.," to be paid annually in July to Wabashaw and to the Ojibwe chiefs. On March 1831, James Lockwood and his crew would build a mill on Wilson Creek making it the first operational mill in the Chippewa/Red Cedar valleys. James Lockwood, would also move his family to the mill site making it the first year round settlement. In 1846 Menomonie mill industry, would obtain its first name (Black & Knapp Mill) after John Holly Knapp buys half interest of the mill. In 1850, with the population of the settlement amounting to 150, Andrew Tainter purchased one-third interest in the Black and Knapp Mill. In the five years that follows, the mill expanded onto the red cedar, the first successful dam was constructed, and schools were established; the population rose to 1,083 as a precinct. Due to the near depletion of pinery, the last log was sawed on August 1901 and the 275,000 acres were sold off.