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CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Before 2013, biologists and chemists used beam of electrons to test the structure of biomolecules. This technique is known as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Even they used method known as X- ray crystallography. These techniques had many limitations like high energy electrons, burn and destroy the molecules. The famous chemistry laureates tackled these problems by introducing a new technique called Cryo-electron microscopy. In 1990, using TEM, Richard Henderson and his team generated an 3D image of protein bacteriorhodopsin.

Joachim Franck was the first person to process and analyse cryo EM images. He constructed 2D images of ribosomes which is responsible for translating RNA into proteins in 1981.

In 1980's, Dubochet developed a technique to prevent drying molecules from drying out. He devised methods for rapidly freezing biomolecular samples to protect them from electron damage and dehydration.

This technique mainly helped scientists to fight against one of the dangerous viruses like Zika virus.

Three scientists Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson were awarded Nobel Prize for their wonderful contribution to the field of Chemistry.