User:Topher D

=Analytical Writing=

Statement of Intent
&lt;You are responsible for deciding what you will produce this quarter, with the one caveat that I will vet your project idea(s) based on appropriateness of scope. Your statement of intent must be 300 words, free of typos, and posted to your Wikiversity userspace. It will include the following:&gt;

Overview
&lt;Ok thanks for your feed back, I think your right my project was leaning more on the creative writing side. I did some brainstorming on subjects that would be more analytical. I came up with Disk Jockeys and copyright law. The point of my paper would be to fined out where exactly is the line drawn in that industry; when does a remixed work become your own? Because Dj's recycle and sample music and as we know people dont like it when their work gets used for profit by others. I want to know how a dj keeps his or her self safe from sue happy people and how far they can push the law in there favor. Dj's are basicly promoters and i know that that is one aspect that keeps them safe but I think there is a lot more to it then that. The reason I want to write about this is that I'm learning how to Dj and im looking into getting this hardware that allows you to use mp3's using vynal records. As you know mp3s could come from anywhere itunes, from some torrent site, or other pay sites like amazon. when is does that music become yours to record and sell?

I think this would be a good subject for me and would peek my interest. I'm not sure how many words i should make this paper maybe 5 pages worth. I'm not sure how many words that would be. I'm also not sure if you would rather me break up the paper or if keeping it as one piece would be more beneficial. &gt;

Rationale
&lt;I hope to gain a better understanding of copyright law issues. I hope that this subject will help protect me in the future if I ever play a show or try to sell some remixed work.&gt;

Publication
&lt;This project is mostly to help me understand the music industry better but if it turns out well I think people would be interested in reading it.&gt;

Schedule
&lt;Build a realistic order of events.&gt;


 * 1) week 2 - come up with a subject i want to research
 * 2) week 3 - "
 * 3) week 4 - outline due / start first paper
 * 4) week 5 - continue writing
 * 5) week 6 - outline due / 1st paper due - start outlining next paper
 * 6) week 7 - outline due - start 2nd paper
 * 7) week 8 - continue writing
 * 8) week 9 - outline due / second paper due - start last paper
 * 9) week 10 - continue writing
 * 10) week 11 - final paper due
 * 11) etc.

Anticipated Problems
&lt;finding clear cut answers to a Grey area in copyright law. &gt;

Week 6 Project Review
&lt;Write a 200-word assessment of your project thus far.&gt;

My project so far has gone well. However I am feeling a time constraint. When planning this paper I was worried that it would be hard to narrow down the subject to a respectable level. I was really hoping to have more done at this point. I am wondering if it would be possible for me to consentrait on two papers instead of three. Because there is so much ground to cove with this issue and I have really taken a liking to it. I have learned a lot. Creative commons is the coolest idea ever! I feel way more comfortable dealing with that plan then I ever would be with standard copyright. It just makes sense telling users what rights you’re willing to give up in order to promote creativity and growth as a culture. Standard copyright is just having way to hard of a time keeping up with technology and the spread of information that is generated by the way we use it.

Before Or During Week 6

 * Personal stories--why are you interested?
 * Outline- finish this week
 * Problems: legal side
 * Current State of things--cases?
 * http://fairuse.stanford.edu/
 * Public Domain Day
 * Problems: crime side
 * Piracy, &c.
 * Google/China - copyright
 * Solutions
 * Creative Commons

I.	Introduction:

1. Generally, the reason I wanted to write this paper is because I am interested in creating my own music for profit and I want to know more about the issues that brings up. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright because it’s so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues.

2. So what is copyright? Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form it without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates in the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Copyright however does not last forever. When the time for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use.

3. Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? When does copyright actually hinder creative growth instead of helping it? Is there a way we can create a balance? Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes play music illegally because they didn’t get the necessary permissions to play the music owned by the artists and or publishers. It’s very expensive to pay for all the rights to the music. Not only is that the case but the duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. Is there something we can do to instead of breaking copyright law fined a new way to free our music for creative expression? Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law. I plan to discover new ways to combat the hold that standard copyright has in our society. By exploring this subject I plan to clarify copyright and how musicians can avoid breaking laws.

II. Body: 1.	Copyright today has grown into a broadsword so to speak. It has grown so powerful that the law says that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. . The United States Constitution states "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." Limited is not really a feature I would think of when talking about copyright. Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. 2.	Cases - . 1.	Public domain – When works are finally fair use it’s put in to the “public domain” and is then free to use for profit.

2.	Fair use – Fair use is when it is ok to use a copyrighted work without permission. However there are only a handful of these exceptions.

3.	Piracy - there is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past.

4.	problems around the world – China

5.	public domain day.

Conclusion: 2. Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist refine there copyright. This way they can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track you down for permission. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain if people don’t use it.

After Week 6
Copyright infringing is a huge issue in today’s society. This doesn’t go for just the United States but for the whole world. The progress of technology has trumped copyrights ability to keep up with evolving trends. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright because it so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues and grey areas surrounding this subject.. When I walk in to a club and hear a DJ tarring it up on the turntables, I can’t help but wonder did that person really get the permissions necessary to play that music. One way around the dreaded copyright beastie is called fair use. Copyrighted material can be used without the need of contacting or paying the owner of the creative property as long as you follow some guide lines. As long as the work you create is “Transformative, meaning that your usage of the copyrighted work adds value to what you have taken. You using it for a purpose different from what that work  was originally created for. Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form, without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates from the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Thankfully copyright doesn’t last forever, however it does last a long time. When the time for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use. (press and landsman 10). Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? Copyright can actually hinder our ability to express ourselves creatively. Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes play music illegally by not getting the necessary permissions to play the music. This music is usually owned by the artists and  publishers. Not only is it very expensive to pay to somebody to use there music its extremely hard to get a hold of that person in order to ask his or her permission. The duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. There is something we can do to make more music available for use in creative ways. Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law. I plan to discover new ways to combat the hold that standard copyright has in our society. By exploring this subject I plan to clarify copyright and how musicians can avoid breaking laws. Copyright law says that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. The United States Constitution states "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.". Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. This includes music. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. You cannot copy a creative work without permission. Downloading songs for free is illegal. A woman was sued because she was downloading songs from a peer to peer file sharing system. She had downloaded about 30 songs this way. Later this woman argued that she was in accordance with fair use, because she was using the files to find out if she liked the songs before purchasing. It was determined that that was a violation of copyright and she was then sued. Companies like i-tunes allow customers to sample music before purchasing the music the court rejected this “sampling” defense. this example is from the BMG Music v. Gonzalez case, 430 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2005). There is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past. Problems around the world – China Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. But it won’t work if it is not used. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist to refine their copyright in a much more user friendly way. People can search our works that allow for certain freedoms, like remixing for instance. These way artists can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track them down for the permissions. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain and most likely disappear if people don’t use it.

Bibliography-

http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-c.html

“Creatuve Careers in Music (Second Editiion)” By Josquin des Pres and Mark Landsman. Allworth Press 10 East 23rd Street New York NY 10038

“Sampling in the Record Industry” By Michael Ashburn, Esq.

http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/publications/recut_reframe_recycle/

Project
Copyright and Music

Copyright infringing is a huge issue in today’s society. Inventions such as You-tube, open file sharing networks, torrents are all affecting the way information is shared. This doesn’t go for just the United States, but for the whole world. The progress of technology has trumped copyrights ability to keep up with evolving trends. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright law because it so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues including the gray areas surrounding the subject of copyright law. When I walk in to a club, bar, or any other venue and hear a DJ tarring it up on the turntables, I can’t help but wonder did that person really get the permissions necessary to play that music? One way around the dreaded copyright beast is a list of conditions called fair use. Copyrighted material can be used without the need of contacting or paying the owner of the creative property as long as you follow some guide lines. Such as, the work you create is “Trans-formative, meaning that your usage of the copyrighted work adds value to what you have taken. You must be using it for a purpose different from what that work was originally created for. But lets be real, there is no concrete list of laws that are stable enough to really build upon. By that I'm referring to the amount of money spent just trying to define what qualifies as fair use. Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form, without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates from the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Thankfully copyright doesn’t last forever, however it does last quite a long time. When the time does final come for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use. (press and landsman 10). Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? Copyright can actually hinder our ability to express ourselves creatively by acting as a roadblock. Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes playing music illegally by not getting the necessary permissions to play the music at party's, clubs and other events. This music is usually owned by the artists and publishers. Not only is it very expensive to pay to somebody to use their music its extremely hard to get a hold of that person in order to ask his or her permission. The duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. There is something we can do to make more music available for use in creative ways. Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law.

Copyright law states that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. The United States Constitution states that copyright is "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.". Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. This includes music. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. You cannot copy a creative work without permission. Downloading songs for free is illegal. A woman was sued because she was downloading songs from a peer to peer file sharing system. She had downloaded about 30 songs this way. Later this woman argued that she was in accordance with fair use, because she was using the files to find out if she liked the songs before purchasing. It was determined that that was a violation of copyright and she was then sued. Companies like i-tunes allow customers to sample music before purchasing the music the court rejected this “sampling” defense. this example is from the BMG Music v. Gonzalez case, 430 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2005). There is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market however. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past. Open source programs are also becoming very competitive with for profit programs pushing the envelope of technological growth even further. In fact I'm writing this paper in a open source program called OpenOffice. Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. But it won’t work if it is not used. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist to refine their copyright in a much more user friendly way. People can search our works that allow for certain freedoms, like remixing for instance. These way artists can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track them down for the permissions. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain and most likely disappear if people don’t use it.

Bibliography- “Creatuve Careers in Music (Second Editiion)” By Josquin des Pres and Mark Landsman. Allworth Press 10 East 23rd Street New York NY 10038

“Sampling in the Record Industry” By Michael Ashburn, Esq.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. &lt;http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/publications/recut_reframe_recycle/&gt;. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. &lt;http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-a.html&gt;.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. &lt;http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-c.html&gt;.

The history of dance culture

I have often wondered where the roots of electronic music started. How it evolved and what genre's were created during its evolution. Personally, I discovered techno from downloading music online. I used to download music like crazy as a kid. Using whatever torrent website was around at the time. I was about 15 -16 years old at the time. I would listen to the thumping music non stop, house, trance, happy hardcore, dub step, jungle, electro, R & B, jump style all examples of the genres I found rapped up inside techno music. As my library of music grew so did my interest in how this style of music was created. It was so amazing to me how versatile the style was and how many songs could be mixed seamlessly creating entirely new works. I think what really has developed my interest in this music is the sense of community that it brings.

As I researched the evolution of dance music and DJ culture, I was not very surprised to see the word disco right off the bat. Disco started around the late 1960's and early 1970's in New York City. This was when we see African American culture as well as gay culture start to use this expressive media to help strengthen their community (Fikentscher). Thanks to John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever that popularized disco to the masses we start to really see disco music start to pick up. Drugs and Sex followed along with this music trend.

The first “gay” disco in New York State was most likely a club called Cherry Grove located on Fire Island. This venue was the first urban disco that popularized disco. This club became a haven for disco in the underground scene. Thanks to clubs like this one similar discos like this one started to pop up. Not only was this the start of disco's peak in the music world but it also introduced the DJ as a pop star. With that brought groupies and dancers who would flock to check out the latest DJ. These D J's mastered a new set of instruments that consisted of a mixer and two turntables. Not only did they master the art of mixing but performing on stage as well. Enhancing the feel and power of the music were lights, lasers, disco balls that all became a part of the ambiance in the scene (History of House Music) Eighteen months after Saturday Night Fever, a riot was instigated in a baseball stadium by a DJ Steve Dow who was against Disco Music. This was didn't seem to be the real reason however because a lot of the records were R & B which was mostly popular to the African American crowd After the decline of disco we start to see this art form evolve. D J's start bringing back old Disco hits from the past that had been forgotten about. Soon after the rekindling the disco sound we start to see the beginnings of house start to evolve. The inventions of drum machines gave tracks a harder edge witch started to bring back crowds. With Disco's scrutiny above ground, while house music was being developed underground (History of House Music).

In 1973 magazines such as Billboard and Rolling Stone as well as radio stations such as NYC begun to to play disco music and programs. a lot of the fans couldn't hear enough of the music on the radio or in clubs because of the discrimination against disco impeding it from being played were forced to buy the records. This pushed sales up so high the the radio and recording companies had been forced to pay more attention to the very music they had been trying very hard to ignore.

House originated between 1975 and 1985. The club DJ started looking into producing and engineering music from scratch. Even going as far as to write their own songs. So now instead of just spinning records D J's were walking into recording studios (Fikentscher). With the same ideas that they had when spinning on stage. One popular tool that was used at this point was a little toy called the Roland TB-303. This interment was designed to emulate the bass guitar. D J's used this tool a different way, by messing with the pitch, accent and frequency controls d j / producers were able to change and diversify disco music. This was the start of house music. With the development of house the ability for a non musician to make music using technology became possible and was pushed even further by the invention of the drum machine as well as the sequencer. By 1985 kids in Chicago used drum machines and started making beats of their own. As technology developed even more acid jazz was born. Thanks again to inventions such as sequencers and other DJ tools, house music began to cross the ocean in to Europe (Fikentscher).

Of coarse where the music scene goes so do drugs. The street drug ecstasy as well as acid and other street drugs starts to get introduced in the early 80's. This drug becomes common in the Rave scene as it continues to evolve.

House music in the mid 80's started to influence other styles of music. This was because the competition between rock and roll and house were starting to compete. “The Happy Mondays” for instance were a band that played Indy rock but wanted their music to be played in clubs. So what they did was they brought a DJ to help them with coming up with a new sound for their record and soon after they decided to introduce house beats into the music. This was implemented because they needed the music to work with a steady beat in order to make the music sync. This helped the band bridge the gap between the two styles of music in order to fit in better with the times (History of House Music). This was when my personal favorite style of techno started to come into the scene, trance. D J's today play a very influential and important roll in the music scene today. These musicians are becoming the backbone of how we listen to music today. One of the biggest contributions D J's are able to make is the ability to reuse old and new works and by doing this they are able to keep the demand for all types of music high. This dance culture has proven to be so powerful and moving it has been able to bridge gaps in our culture as a civilization. Its very beginnings were built on diversity wile at the same time fought discrimination. Bringing gay and straight people, black or white together. All this happened out of a common desire to enjoy and celebrate this beautiful music and our existence in this world.

Bibliography:

Alex, Cosper. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar 2010. &lt;http://www.tangentsunset.com/djmixing.htm&gt;.

Fikentscher, Kai. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar 2010. &lt;http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/doss29.htm&gt;.

"History of house music Pt. 1." Learn To DJ: Know The History Of The Music First…. Web. 24 Mar 2010. &lt;http://www.howtodjfast.com/moredjknowledge/want-to-learn-to-dj-know-the-history-of-the-music-first&gt;.