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= Jurisdiction of Civil Courts under Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 =

General
In India, any aggrieved has a right to file a suit in the Court of law. This right can be understood in the context of the Fundamental principle of English Law- "Where there is a right, there is a remedy (Ubi jus ibi remedium)." From Indian perspective, like Shiva cannot be separated from Shakti, one cannot separate the right from remedy. Hence, a litigant has the right to file such suit which is of a civil nature in a competent civil court unless its cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred by any statute. A suit for its maintainability requires no authority of law and it is enough that no statute bars it.

Meaning of Jurisdiction
The civil procedure code has not defined the term "jurisdiction." It is derived from Latin terms "juris" and "Dicto" which means I speak by the law. Stated simply, jurisdiction means the power or authority of a court of law to hear and determine a cause or a matter. It is the power to entertain, deal with and decide an action, petition, or other proceeding. In other words, jurisdiction is meant to the authority which court must decide matters that are litigated before it or to take cognizance of matters presented in a formal way for its decision.

Thus, "jurisdiction of a court" means the extent of the authority of a code to administer justice prescribed with reference to the subject matter, pecuniary value and local limits. In Official Trustee versus Sachindra Nath, after referring to various decisions the Supreme Court of India observed:"“From the above decision it is clear that before a court can be held to have jurisdiction to decide a particular matter it must not only have jurisdiction to try the suit brought but must also have the authority to pass the orders sought for. It is not sufficient that it has some jurisdiction in relation to the subject matter of the suit. Its jurisdiction must include the power to hear and decide the question at issue, the authority to hear and decide the particular controversy that has arisen between the parties.”"