User talk:EML4500.f08.Zhichao Gong/CHAP 0


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$$  \displaystyle \mathbf{\left \{ a \right \}}=\begin{Bmatrix} a_{1}\\ a_{2}\\ \vdots\\ a_{N} \end{Bmatrix}\, \mathbf{a}=\begin{Bmatrix} a_{1}\\ a_{2}\\ a_{3} \end{Bmatrix}\, or\, \, \mathbf{a}=\begin{Bmatrix} a_{1}\\ a_{2}\\ a_{3} \end{Bmatrix} $$  ||  (1)
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