User talk:StephanieHolz

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Analects project
Upon reading some of the anecdotes within the Analects, I was able to derive a definition of study/learning in a couple of ways. The first being that a person is able to use past mistakes as a learning experience to grow in knowledge and as a person. Making mistakes is apart of being human, but making the same mistake over and over again is exemplary of someone who isn't learning or studying from their past, failed experiences. From an educational perspective, studying and learning are obviously two very key components to each persons educational career, and they go hand in hand. One cannot study without learning, and learning something without studying it is pointless. This can be emphasized by anecdote 15 of book two, which states "The Master said: 'If one studies but does not think, one is caught in a trap, If one thinks but does not study, one is in peril." The purpose of studying is to imprint the information you learned boldly into your brain, so that our recall of the material we learned is diligent and correct. It is also important to not become too comfortable in the knowledge you possess at a given moment; there is no limit as to how much you can learn or how much you can study something. This idea can be supported by anecdote 17 of book 7, which says: "The Master said: 'Give me a few more years so that I am studying at fifty, and surely I may avoid major errors.'". Not only does this quote support that learning has no limit, but it introduces the idea that the more you study, the more knowledgable you will be about the material. Although, some things are left unanswered. How specifically would Confucius advise one to study? What is the "best way" to learn something and why? How does someone enjoy studying? The idea of learning and studying is entirely relevant to our modern worldview, considering we do these things every day as students, but also as people. In my personal opinion (from an American perspective), learning has become solely cramming and forgetting. That is, no one is REALLY learning. With the COVID crisis occurring globally, this faulty "learning" has only increased dramatically. I assume from talking to my peers that there is a great consensus between students globally about what learning has become. Everything is about getting a good grade, learning the material doesn't really matter as long as you get an A in the class, right? Wrong; what happens in 15 years when these students who aren't really learning become doctors? Would anyone really trust a doctor who cheated on their online physiology exam and used their notes to pass the class, coming out with no takeaway of knowledge??? This is something that Confucius hinted at during a few of his anecdotes. For example, anecdote 12 of book 8 states "'The Master said: It is not easy to find anyone who studies for three years but is not intent on* a salary.'" This really hammers in the idea I just discussed about how important learning really is, versus getting the good grades to be able to go to graduate school and get a good job, even if that means you wont know what you are doing. This can be further supported by anecdote 24 of book 14, where Confucius states that people who studied in ancient times did it because they genuinely wanted to, whereas now, people study because of the sake of others, or the sake of a job, getting into a good school, getting paid, etc. Based on these two quotes, it can be assumed that Confucius's worldview on the topic of learning and studying is that no one does it for leisure anymore, and no one really cares enough to. It is also clear that Confucius considers someone who studies to be of great respect, which is supported by anecdote 28 of book five. It states, "The Master said: 'In a community of ten households there will certainly be someone as loyal and trustworthy as I am, but not someone so fond of learning as I am.'". Based on these quotes, along with another of Master Kong (16.9), it can be concluded that with respect to the Chinese worldview on this topic, learning and studying is expected, and very important to the Chinese culture. When comparing Confucius's Analects to the Handbook of Epictetus, it is noticeable that Epictetus primarily talks about learning with regards to nature and the interactions between people. For example, number 26 of Epictetus's Handbook states that "it is possible to learn the will of nature from the things in which we do not differ from eachother...". Another example, number 49 of the handbook, "....But what do I want? To learn to understand nature and follow it. So I find out who explains it...". There is a much greater emphasis on studying being an important aspect of learning in Confucius's analects. It seems as though learning from an educational perspective is more important within Chinese culture than the learning of nature and interactions is, and vice versa for Mediterranean culture. When comparing Confucius's analects and the Teaching of Amenemope, Amenemope focuses more on the teachings of morals and how to treat people, which is supported on page 148. It says "Beginning for the teaching of life. The instructions for well-being, every rule for relations with elders, for conduct towards magistrates, knowing how to answer one who speaks, to reply to one who sends a message....". Similar to the teachings previously discussed of the Handbook of Epictetus, this particular quote of the Teaching of Amenemope focuses on interactions between people and the way that one should treat others. To conclude, it can be assumed that Chinese culture puts heavier emphasis upon a persons knowledge due to learning and studying. The more knowledgable a person, the more appreciated and respected they are treated by others. Whereas, in Mediterranean and Egyptian cultures, learning how to treat others seems to be prioritized more than "book smarts". In the first two dialogues by Plato, Euthyphro and Apology, the focus of teaching and learning revolved heavily around religious teachings. Socrates had been called to court due to Meletus' charges of impiety against him. Upon defending himself against the accusations, Socrates is ultimately sentenced to death. In comparison to the Analects, this is a completely different perspective from the learning/teaching talked about by Confucius. Based on this, it can be inferred that Greek culture distinctly finds religion and its teachings extremely important. Anyone who opposes those teachings are wrong and are dishonorable, as seen by the end result of Socrates case. As previously states, Chinese culture focuses more on educational knowledge, such as how good you are in school.