Volcanoes/Volcanism/Quiz

Volcanism is a lecture about remnants of volcanic activity that occur in, on, around and between volcanic rocks. It is a volcanoes lecture offered by the radiation astronomy department and the school of geology.

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Quiz
{Yes or No, Bentonite is a porous clay formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash that swells 5 to 6 times its original volume in the presence of water. + Yes - No
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{Which chemical phenomenon are associated with the Earth? + quartz is the second most abundant mineral + an atmosphere containing CO2 + green, red, blue, and yellow airglow + the production and escape of hot H+ ions + oxygen emissions + helium ions
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{Yes or No, Any of several impure clay minerals consisting mostly of montmorillonite is called a bentonite. + Yes - No
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{With respect to protoplanetary disks what green mineral has been found? { olivine (i) }
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{True or False, Bentonites are volcanism, or remnants of volcanic activity, even though they are metamorphic sediments or rocks. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Observations of Io have benefited greatly from what phenomenon? - a dense, opaque atmosphere - lightning - extensive meteorite cratering - a flattening out - liquid hydrocarbon lakes + the reflected light of allotropes and compounds of sulfur
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{Moldavite is a mineral that may be associated with what green astronomy phenomenon? - predicting the end of the Earth - determine the accuracy of local computers + meteorite impacts - demonstrating that Venus was once a comet - predict when currently dormant volcanoes will erupt + green fireballs
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{Which of the following are associated with greenstone belts? + metamorphosed mafic sequences + ultramafic volcanic sequences + Archaean and Proterozoic cratons + chlorite - Humphreys series - Rydberg series + green hue of metamorphic minerals
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{True or False, A clay of the illite group that contains potassium and is formed by alteration of volcanic ash is called potassium bentonite. + TRUE - FALSE
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{A terrestrial planet is composed primarily of? { silicate rocks|metals|silicates (i) }
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{True or False, The XRS aboard the MESSENGER spacecraft maps mineral composition. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Complete the text: At its effective temperature of 1250 K, the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet 51 Pegasus B has clouds composed of { magnesium silicates (i) } and { other silicates|other silicate compounds (i) }.
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{Yes or No, Bentonites are clay rocks consisting predominantly of smectite. + Yes - No
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{Soil samples from the mare of the Moon reflect primarily cyan due to the presence in the soils of what? { TiO2|TiO2 (i) }
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{Yes or No, Extensive bentonite deposits, linked to large eruptions, have formed repeatedly in the past. + Yes - No
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{Phenomena associated with some meteorites? - have a gaseous surface + long nickel-iron crystals + octahedrite + kamacite + taenite + plessite
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{Yes or No, Bentonite layers are useful for stratigraphic correlation and for interpreting the geodynamic evolution of our planet. + Yes - No
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{Purpurite is a natural mineral pigment composed of what likely source of violet or purple? { manganese|manganese oxide (i) }
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{Yes or No, Bentonites generally form by diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration, favoured by fluids that leach alkali elements and by high Mg content. + Yes - No
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{True or False, Smectite composition is partly controlled by parent rock chemistry. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Any remnants of the natural phenomena and processes associated with the action of volcanoes, geysers and fumaroles, especially any remnants of past volcanic activity, are called? { volcanism (i) }
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{Yes or No, Greenstone belts are zones of variably metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic sequences. + Yes - No
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{Which of the following is involved in planetary astronomy more so than planetary science? + the occurrence of cyan rock types on the surface of rocky objects - the Earth and other rocky objects have a cyan mineral containing mantle - checking equations about complex systems + the advantages of a 490 nm band pass - digging holes in the surface of the Moon + surface temperatures low enough to produce methane lakes
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{Yes or No, In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. + Yes - No
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{Silicates occur as part of the rocky surface beneath a visually opaque cloud layer on what planet? { Venus (i) }
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{Early Archean serpentine mud volcanoes occur in Isua? { Greenland (i) }
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{True or False, Optical reflectance studies of Mercury provide evidence for Mg silicates. + TRUE - FALSE
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{Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the apparent liquid-object Earth? + rain + snow + hail + neutron emission - polar coronal holes + meteor emission - rotation
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{Yes or No, Isua's volcanic rocks carry boron-rich tourmalines. + Yes - No
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{Which of the following is not a radiation phenomenon associated with a crater? + strata - elongated dust particles - high albedo - olivine - Rayleighs - volcanoes
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{Yes or No, Fort Portal is a tuff cone that is volcano number 223001, with a last known eruption dated to 4120 b2k. + Yes - No
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{Yes or No, The Hopi Buttes volcanic field consists of ~300 late Miocene volcanic centers within ~ 1800 km2 of the field, located in northeastern Arizona. + Yes - No
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Hypotheses

 * 1) Most of the volcanism found on Earth does occur elsewhere.