Votian/Nouns and Their Derivation

== Nouns  and their  derivation  ==

adjective-to-noun

 *  * -ut 
 * It is declined like the XV Declension: -t stems.
 * Pronunciation varies (  -uz ,  -üz  ) according to vowel harmony e.g.  лad́d́uz  ("width " <  лad́d́a  "wide"),  лaiskuz  ("lazyness " <  лaiska  "lazy"),  iлozuz  ("beauty" <  iлoza  "pretty"),  terveüz  ("health " <  terve  "healthy"),  nōruz  (" youth " <  nōri  "young"),  nōre̮puz  (" being younger " <  nōre̮pi  "younger"),  pēnüz  ("being small " <  pēni  "small").
 * Should not be confused with  * -u-ks .

verb-to-noun & noun-to-noun

 *  * -ks 
 * It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems.
 * Pronunciation is (  -z  ) in the end of a word e.g.  jaлgaz  ("runner (of a sleigh) " <  jaлka  "foot"),  arjaz  ("bristle " <  arja  "brush"),  teräz  ("steel" <  terä  "blade").
 * Compear with  * -u-ks .


 *  * -u-ks 
 * It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems.
 * Pronunciation varies (  -uz ,  -üz  ) according to vowel harmony e.g.  kagлuz  ("collar " <  kagлa  "neck"),  se̮rmuz  (" ring " <  se̮rmi  "finger"),  arvatuz  (" riddle " <  arvat-a  "to guess"),  pelehüz  ("ghost " ~  peleht-ellä  "to frighten").
 * The stem is usually in the weak grade if there is a such one available e.g.  kannuz  ("spur " <  kanta  "heel"),  rinnuz  ("horse-collar's strap" <  rinta  "chest"),  jätüz  ("remnant " <  jättǟ  "to remain").
 * Should not be confused with  * -ut .


 *  * -(u-)m 
 * It is declined like the XIII Declension: -m stems.
 * Any final -m went through a protofinnic sound change *  m > n . The resulting final -n is usually pronounced as a prolongation of the preceding vowel e.g.  ve̮tī : ve̮ttime̮D  (" key : keys" <  ve̮ttā  "to take"),  vȫtī : vȫttimeD  (" ridge band : (plural)" <  vȫttǟ  "to gird"),  viē̮  : vite̮me̮D  (" scutching-blade: (plural)").
 * This suffix takes a vowel stem. Therefore the stem vary according to  consonant gradation  e.g.  ve̮d́d́ē̮  : ve̮ite̮me̮D  (" ointment : (plural)" <  ve̮itā  "to salve"),  jaлgū : jaлkume̮D  ("stirrup " <  jaлka  "foot").
 * Compear with  * -ma .